Facebook pages—also in the form of webpages, essentially—are pages showcasing the profile owner’s information. In case of companies or other groups, Facebook pages serve their official product pages, too. Compare your words that introduce quotes or paraphrases paper against millions of publications and billions of web pages. If the text is long, you can replace some of it with an ellipsis. Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.

However, just as with traditional sources, any website you use while researching and writing must be properly referenced. Failure to do this is plagiarism, which, whether accidental or not, can carry strict consequences. Consequently, you can cite a website using APA citation style, which is an author/date system.

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If the image is something that you have created in an earlier assignment or publication you need to reference earlier piece of work to avoid self-plagiarism. If you want to annotate information to improve upon, extend or change an existing image you must cite the original work. However, you would use the phrase ‘adapted from’ in your citation and reference the original work in your reference list. With so http://www.centralkingselectric.com/?p=5427 much information now available online, it’s hardly surprising that most students end up citing websites in their academic work. But since most referencing systems focus on traditional sources like books and journals, knowing how to do this can be tricky. To reference information from a blog, you should include the author’s name, the entry title and then the blog name and publication date in brackets.

Write the name out in full rather than trying to initialise and reverse it as you would with a personal name. Take advantage of online referencing tools such asRefMe, which covers all the main referencing systems,Zoteroand Mendeley. If you are using a longer quotation, https://modul-int.ba/2023/03/27/controlling-idea-in-essays-definition-and-examples/ more than four lines, you should indent the quotation in a block instead of using quotation marks. Location of artwork (in collection or exhibition. If in a temporary exhibition, note exhibition title in italics and exhibition dates. See examples below).

Access dates and publication dates

Here is some general guidance for citing a social media page, rather than an individual post. Just type in the first author’s surname and first part of the article title.

This article is available to download for free as a PDF for use as a personal learning tool or for use in the classroom as a teaching resource. Referencing is also an important way of acknowledging your debts to other scholars.

What you need to include:

If you are a Modern Languages student, you must follow the referencing guidance supplied by your department when citing and referencing in your written work. The bibliography lists sources in alphabetical order by author’s surname. You can replace the author’s name in the ‘Subsequent references…’ sentence with a short title of the source if you are quoting several sources by the same author in your work.

1. For detailed guides on how to reference and cite different sources see the right-hand side panel.
2. Website citations are required every time information is referenced from a website for an academic essay, research paper, dissertation, article or book.
3. These guidelines are based upon those provided by Bournemouth University, which are available on the web.
4. Small mistakes can cost you easy marks, so have another once over before handing it in.
5. Similarly, you may refer to a primary source, e.g. an author’s letters or diary, or a government report, that you have only ‘read’ as cited or reproduced within another author’s text.
6. This is because webpages can change their content over time, so it’s useful for the reader to know when you accessed the page.
7. Using citations also shows that you can work within a set of rules and use what you’ve learned in the course to produce your own research.

The next time you cite the same source, the author’s surname, title of the book and page number are sufficient, e.g. All other details about the publication should be added to the end in a list of references or bibliography. If you use someone how long is a long essay else’s work for an image then you must give them due credit. If you reproduce it by hand or using graphics software it is the same as if you printed, scanned or photocopied it. You must cite and reference the work as described in this guide.

Citing one author

If you have obtained information which is not publically accessible you should cite it as a personal communication. This can include conversations taking place in person, by phone or by online means .

1. Let’s take a look at some examples of how to cite a website in MLA, APA and Chicago styles.
2. These citations will then link to the full reference that will be found in your reference list at the end of your work.
3. They may be found in books, journals, reports, web pages, online video, DVDs and other kinds of media.
4. To reference posts from social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, include the username and the platform in square brackets.
5. In academia, referencing is essential in acknowledging another author’s contribution to your argument.

If you can’t get hold of the original source you’ll need to do a secondary reference and you should make clear that you are not using the original source. Only include the source you have used in your list of references following the guidance for citing that type of publication. Where an e-book looks like a printed book with publication information and page numbers – cite it in the same way as a printed book . Where specific pagination details are not available use the information you have e.g. %, loc, chapter/page/paragraph. This page lists the details you will need to include when writing citations for various types of source material.

Table of Contents

If no person or organisation can be identified as being responsible for the blog, begin your footnote with the title of the blog. If there is no publication date you can omit it, but always give the access date. In both examples only the full reference for the article by Weingart et al. would be included in the reference list. For instance, page sections called ‘Timeline,’ ‘About,’ ‘Contact’ etc. are used in the reference list entry in place of page title.

The quiz at the end of this guide is based on the examples given here but there are different versions of Harvard so always use your department’s guidance. A subsequent quotation from the same source is referenced by a brief reference in brackets within the work as shown in the example. If there are what does commentary mean in an essay subsequent quotations from the same source in the work, the first reference is followed by a sentence explaining how subsequent references will be referred to. A full reference to each citation must be included in the bibliography. See the following tabs for advice on creating the reference list.

Citing an entire blog

DOIs are mostly for journal articles, so that finding them from a journal database, for instance, becomes easy. However, DOIs are also assigned to government reports, PDFs and other similar document types. The British Standards do not provide guidance on the correct way to cite online sources. These guidelines are based upon those provided by Bournemouth University, which are available on the web.

1. Online-only journal articles may not have page numbers or reference numbers, or pagination for each article will begin with ‘1’.
2. Otherwise, write the username of the uploader as it appears on the site.
3. A detailed description of how to use MLA 8th edition has been produced by the School of Art which should be referred to by students in that department.
4. If you do not use the same words, you do not need the quotation marks, you only need the reference itself.
5. For post-prints which are identical in content to the published version, you should cite the published version instead of citing the repository version.
6. Website citation while writing an article, journal entry, dissertation or book has numerous important functions.
7. When the name of an author or authoring body is not shown, cite the reference by its title and the year.

Although ‘Harvard referencing’ is commonly used by UK universities, there are dozens of variations on the basic parenthetical citation system described here. As such, it’s crucial that you check your university’s style guide for advice on the correct version to use. When researching online, it’s essential that you note the websites you are using as you go—not interesting ways to start an essay after when you might forget. It can be very easy to disappear down the Internet rabbit hole and lose track of what information came from where! You could also bookmark important web pages to give yourself an easy online record of your digital sources. Citing a website entails an entry in the reference list; it must be treated just as any other type of source.

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The access date must be the day on which you retrieved the article. Enter a footnote or endnote citing the author you are quoting but make it clear that you have found the reference in another book. PhD funding for international students 12 April 2023 •7 min readCan you change accommodation at university? 12 April 2023 •4 min readView all posts Visit the UniHomes Blog homepage to see all of our articles. When you get to the reference list, you would reference the author you read rather than Bradshaw. For sake of clarity you may want to add “Image by author” to the caption.

1. Use the reference list at the end of the source you are reading to find details of the reference and search for it using the search boxes below.
2. If you’re unsure which one you should be using, ask your instructor for their preference.
3. A full reference to each citation must be included in the bibliography.
4. Please note, this information is taken from the Institute of Physics Author Guidelines for IOP Journals.
5. This also applies if you paraphrase or summarise what someone else has written.
6. Keep in mind that multiple references by the same author should be listed in chronological order.
7. If no author is named, use the name of the organisation producing the blog.

If they are required, permissions need to be stated in addition to the citing and referencing guidance given below. For educational assignments it is sufficient to cite and reference any image used. If you publish your work in any way, including posting online, then you will need to follow copyright rules. It is your responsibility to find out whether, and in what ways, you are permitted to use an image in your coursework or publications.